Belgium
Gender Pay Gap Analysis Guide – Belgium
Adapted to Belgian regulations, methodology, and occupational/sector classification
1. Belgian Context & Regulations
Purpose
Help Belgian private‐sector employers measure, publish and address their gender pay gap in line with national law.
Audience
- CEOs & Board members
- HR & Compensation teams
- Legal & Compliance officers
- Diversity & Inclusion leaders
- Payroll & Data analysts
Key Legal Requirements
- Law of 28 July 2011 (anti‐discrimination): prohibits pay discrimination based on gender.
- Royal Decree (30 Mar 2021) on pay audits: companies ≥50 employees must conduct an equal pay audit every 3 years and publish results.
- EU Pay Transparency Directive (2023/970) transposition due by Dec 2026: will require twice‐yearly publication of pay gap by category.
Voluntary & ESG Frameworks
- National Bank of Belgium – Diversity Charter commitments
- Global Reporting Initiative (GRI 405‐2)
- UN Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs)
2. Gap Calculation Methodology
1. Choose Snapshot Date
Use a consistent cut‐off date—e.g. 31 December—for data extraction and publication.
2. Collect Data
Extract from HRIS/payroll:
Field | Description |
---|---|
Gender | Female / Male (binary) |
Base Salary | Annual gross, in EUR |
Total Remuneration | Bonuses, premiums, benefits |
Job Category | NACE sector & ISCO occupation |
Seniority Level | Junior / Medior / Senior / Manager |
Contract Type | Permanent / Temporary / Part‐time / Full‐time |
Tenure | Years with employer |
3. Clean Data
- Convert all pay to full‐time equivalent (FTE).
- Ensure all figures in EUR as of snapshot date.
- Map uncoded roles to nearest ISCO 4-digit code.
4. Calculate Gender Pay Gap
Formula:
(Men’s avg or median pay − Women’s avg or median pay)
÷ Men’s avg or median pay × 100
5. Analyze Common Drivers
- Unequal pay for same or comparable work
- Gender imbalance in seniority levels
- Segregation in high‐pay vs low‐pay sectors
- Part‐time vs full‐time participation
- Differences in hiring, promotion, turnover
3. NACE & ISCO Classification
Economic Sectors: NACE Rev.2
Belgium uses the NACE Rev. 2 classification (EU sector standard) for industry grouping:
- 1-digit Sections (A–U): broad sectors like Agriculture (A), Manufacturing (C), Services (N–U).
- 2-digit Divisions: e.g. 10 – Manufacturing of food products.
- Use sector groups to compare pay gaps across industries.
Occupations: ISCO-08
For job roles, Belgium maps to ISCO-08 occupations:
- 1-digit Major Groups (1–9): Managers; Professionals; Technicians; Clerical; Service; Sales; Craft; Operators; Labourers.
- 2–4 digit Minor/Unit Groups: increasing detail down to specific roles (e.g. 2512 – Software Developers).
Assignment & Validation
- HRIS mapping: assign each job title a NACE code + ISCO code.
- Validate with official crosswalk tables (Statbel & Eurostat).
- Ensure each group has ≥5 employees before reporting.
Benefits
- Neutral, public definitions—no proprietary weighting.
- Enables sector‐level benchmarking (NACE) and role‐level comparisons (ISCO).
- Facilitates EU‐wide comparability under the Pay Transparency Directive.
How Belgium Uses ISCO-08 to Classify Occupations
1. Underlying Taxonomy: ISCO-08
The International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08), developed by the International Labour Organization, is adopted in Belgium for official labour statistics and pay-gap analysis. It groups jobs purely by tasks, skills and qualification requirements.
- 1-digit Major Groups (10 families): 0 – Armed Forces; 1 – Managers; 2 – Professionals; 3 – Technicians & Trades; 4 – Clerical Support; 5 – Service & Sales; 6 – Skilled Agricultural; 7 – Craft & Related Trades; 8 – Plant & Machine Operators; 9 – Elementary Occupations.
- 2-digit Sub-Major Groups: breakdown of each major into 2–4 categories.
- 3-digit Minor Groups: more specific job clusters.
- 4-digit Unit Groups: detailed occupations (e.g. 2411 – Accountants).
2. Connection to National Practices
- Belgian statisticians map local job titles to ISCO-08 via a national crosswalk maintained by Statbel.
- Major public surveys (Labour Force Survey, joint sectoral data) use this mapping for consistency.
- Employers align their internal HRIS codes with ISCO-08 to satisfy both national audit requirements and upcoming EU Pay Transparency rules.
3. Assignment & Validation
- HR teams map each job title to the closest ISCO-08 4-digit unit group.
- Ensure each occupational bucket contains at least 5 employees before public reporting.
- Maintain both internal job code and ISCO-08 code fields for audit and benchmarking.
4. Benefits of ISCO-08 for GPG
- Objectivity: Globally recognized, publicly documented definitions.
- Comparability: Benchmark across EU and OECD using the same framework.
- Granularity: Drill from broad 1-digit groups to detailed 4-digit occupations.
- Neutrality: Free from proprietary scoring or bias—based solely on job content.